Why Is There No Universally Accepted Accounting Theory?

Why Is There No Universally Accepted Accounting Theory? Abstract This paper discusses the statement: there is no universally accepted accounting theory. In addition, it offers some basic and historical background regarding accounting and discusses the different approaches to develop an accounting theory, before describing three common accounting theories. Finally, the reality of the above statement and the factors that confront a universal accounting theory are debated. Introduction Accounting is a very old science as it is strictly related to the first forms of trade in the old world. According to Belkaoui (1992: 22), the Committee on Terminology of American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) defines accounting as follows: Accounting is the art of recording, classifying and summarising in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are in part at least, of a financial character, and interpreting the results thereof. Belkaoui (1992: 22) believes that such a definition is limited and a broader alternative is offered that defines accounting as: The process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of the information. Historical Background The history of accounting is of importance to those wishing to understand existing and future accounting practices. Historically, the first form of accounting practices was bookkeeping. Bookkeeping resulted from a need of ancient traders in Chaldean, Babylonian, Akkadian, and Assyrian civilizations (Belkaoui, 1992). Those ancient traders developed advanced trading practices to track their costs and incomes. This of course, led to record keeping as the best. Belkaoui states that the earliest known form of record keeping dates back to 3000 B.C. which was found in Old Irak (Belkaoui, 1992). Egyptian and Chinese civilisations also had old accounting practices for handling both treasury and other government accounts. In Greek civilisation, there was a famous accountant named Zenon. He managed the estates of Apollonius (a Greek minister of finance). Zenon was the first to introduce the first Responsibility Accounting System according to Belkaoui (1992). In the Roman civilisation, taxes and social classes were dependent on declared properties. As a result, taxpayers were supposed to submit clear financial statements. Of course, these factors enforced the existence of bookkeeping in the ancient world. During the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a huge transition in accounting took place. Luca Pacioli introduced the Italian double-entry method. Later on, new methods were introduced to handle fixed assets (Belkaoui, 1992). According to Schroeder and Clarke (1998), between the years 1900 and 1973, several bodies were introduced to establish and improve financial accounting standards, practices, and reporting. These bodies included the American Institute of Accountants (AIA) which was established in 1916.Then, in 1934, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established. In 1937, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) was formed as a result of a merger between the AIA and the American Society of Certified Public Accountants(Schroeder and Clarke, 1998). Accounting Theory A theory in its simplest form is an explanation of a certain phenomena, a set of observations. The theory can be understood as a generalisation used to organise data into meaningful information. Glautier and Underdown (1991) argue that theories are supposed to be concerned with the explanation of a set of observations. Also, they argue that relating an existing theory to a set of observations or coming up with a theory that relates to a set of observations is essentially having the same objective which is providing an explanation to these observations. Need for an Accounting Theory Webster define a theory as a systematic statement of principles. Also, it gives a more detailed definition: A formulation of apparent relationships or underlying principles of certain observed phenomena which has been systematically accumulated, organised, and verified well enough to provide a frame of reference for future actions (Schroeder, Richard et al., 1998:1). The second definition gives some reason for the need of an accounting theory. These reasons include organising accounting practices and handling future changes. Of course, a theory can be applied into practical areas of interest. An accounting theory makes it easier to understand accounting in a professional way. Developing Accounting Theory: Approaches and Methods An accounting theory should provide accountants with guidelines for how to represent a summary of financial data for activities during a year. Of course, this information should be useful to people who are going to use it in making decisions and judgments. Glautier and Underdown (1991) list three common approaches that have been used to develop accounting theory previously. These approaches are: Descriptive Approach Decision Usefulness Approach Welfare Approach They classified the Decision Usefulness Approach into two types: empirical and normative (Glautier and Underdown, 1991). On the other hand, there have been several approaches to develop accounting theory. These approaches make use of other classical methods of reasoning such as the ethical, sociological and economic approaches. The descriptive approach developed theories that are concerned with what accountants should do. Descriptive theories use induction. Usually, inductive reasoning will begin by making enough observations by looking at similar instances and practices before drawing a generalised conclusion. Glautier and Underdown (1991) state that the descriptive approach has attempted to relate the accounting practices of accountants to a generalised accounting theory. Usually, descriptive approaches lead to descriptive or positive theories. These theories are concerned with existing accountants practices. Descriptive theories explain those practices and make it possible to predict future behaviours. Glautier and Underdown (1991) offer a useful example with regards to such predictions. By applying the descriptive theory, one can easily predict that the receipt of cash will be entered in the debit side of a cash book. The Decision Usefulness Approach resulted from the great interest in behavioural researches in accounting during the 1970s (Glautier and Underdown, 1991). This type of approach resulted into two main theories: Empirical and Normative theories. The Empirical theory resulted from the increase in empirical research in accounting. The objective of such research was to have reliable results that would positively influence decision making. This objective forced the use of advanced statistical techniques. The increase in university accounting courses resulted in a great number of students that were capable of carrying out advanced and sophisticated quantitative research. On the other hand, the Normative Theory concentrates on which decision models should be selected by decision makers in order to make logical decisions. The third approach mentioned by Glautier and Underdown (1991) is the Welfare Approach. This approach can be considered as an extension to the decision-making approaches. The main objective of the welfare approach is to increase social welfare through rational decisions based upon reliable accounting information. Common Accounting Theories Positive Theory The positive theory is mainly explaining existing accounting practices and observed accounting phenomena (Schroeder, Richard et al., 2001). Belkaoui (1992) believes that positive accounting theory is looking into why accounting practices have developed into the way they are today. Then, the positive theory explains or predicts accounting events. Many positive accounting theory supporters are optimistic due to that positive approach is getting more supporters. Belkaoui (1992) noted criticism of positive theory including the point that the theory concept is based on an obsolete philosophy of science and that theories of empirical science do not have positive statements on what is. Normative Theory The normative theory focuses on what should be instead of what is (Belkaoui, 1992). Therefore, it is on the contrary side to positive theory. This theory is based on a set of objectives. It was developed using the deductive approach that uses logic. Normative theory advocates agree on a set of objectives, believing that these objectives are the best for accountants. Then they deduce their hypotheses and principles. Their next step is to apply this theory to real life accounting practices and events. Actually, normative theory will depend on its advocates and the level of harmony they can reach on the agreed set of goals. Although the normative approach is very important in regulating the industry and developing new accounting practices, it may not handle possible future effects caused by new theories that may change accounting practice in the future. Agency Theory Agency theory tries to describe financial statements and their basic accounting theories (Schroeder, Richard et al., 2001). This theory emerged from the relationship that exists between managers and shareholders. Agency theory assumes that individuals always try to increase their own expected utilities. Also, it assumes that they are creative in doing so. This theory is based on the fact that there is an agreed relationship between two parties. The first is the agent (usually the managers of a firm) and the second is the principal or the stakeholders. The principal agrees to let the agent act on his or her behalf. This usually happens because stakeholders are not capable or not trained sufficiently well to handle the firm in the manner that the managers can. An issue arises here which is the conflict of interest. This issue can be solved through several methods that ensure mutual benefit to both sides such as bonuses or a percentage for the agents. One negative point regarding agency theory is that it is based on the assumption that both parties are trying to maximise his own expected utilities. This assumption is not accepted politically or socially. Universally Accepted Accounting Theory From the previous elaboration on accounting theories, it is clear that there are different approaches to develop them. In addition, there is a wide and diverse range of accounting practices all over the world. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is the standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting used in the United States of America. The obstacle that prevents GAAP becoming the principles on which global accounting theory is developed is that every country has its own standard accounting practice version of GAAP, usually set by a national governing body. Currently, there is no Universally Accepted Accounting Theory. It seems that having such a theory will not occur in the near future. This is due to many factors, including the fact that using different approaches to develop such a theory will result in different theories. Also, establishing international standards is a very tricky process due countries seeking to protect the privacy of their domestic legal and economic matters. In addition, it is difficult to have one theory that satisfies all needs. Of course, it is important to have guidelines to assist users with no accounting knowledge to understand company accounts. Also, there should be similar guidelines for accountants to handle multi-national firms and establishments. Conclusion Although some may argue that there is no need for such a universal theory as we are doing well without it, there is still a need for such a theory even if it is not as perfect as it should be. To sum up, establishing Universally Accepted Accounting Theory can be a very complicated process. This paper discussed the statement: there is no universally accepted accounting theory. It gave a brief historical background and some basic information relating to accounting. It discussed the different approaches used to develop accounting theories, as well as the three common accounting theories. Finally, the essay elaborated on the fact that currently there is no universal global accounting theory. References Belkaoui, A. (1992) 3th edition, Accounting Theory. London: Dryden Press Glautier, M. W. E. and Underdown B. (1991) 4th edition, Accounting Theory and Practice. London: Pitman Publishing Schroeder, R. G. and Clarke, M. W. (1998) 6th edition, Accounting Theory: Text and Readings. London :John Wiley Sons Inc. Schroeder, R., Clark, M. and Cathey, J., (2001) 7th edition, Financial Accounting Theory and Analysis: Text Readings and Cases. London :John Wiley Sons Inc.

My favourite book

These picturesque geographical feature's boundaries delineat a low lying plain of about 47,570 sq. km. criss-crossed by innumerable brooks, rivulets and streams and rivers like the Padma[Ganges],the Megna,the Karnaphuli. Description : Physiography is the science which treats the Earth's exterior physical features, climate, life and the physical movements or changes on the Earth's surface, such as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture,magnetism, i. e. physical geography. Sunderban is the most preciouse and wealthy area tor Bangladesn. nerban suituated in Khulna Division and it's gives protection to Bangladesh from outside enemies. There lives lot of different kinds of animals and these animals make our Sunderban beautiful and welthy. Mammals are a clade of endothermic amniotes. Among the features that distinguish them from the other amniotes, the reptiles and the birds, are hair, three middle ear bones, mammary glands infemales, and a neoco rtex (a region of the brain). The mammalian brain regulates body temperature and the circulatory system, including the four- chambered heart.The mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorqual whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, some primates and some cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in the trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta which feeds the offspring during pregnancy. Mammals range in size from the 30-40 mm (1. 2-1. 6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale.Birds (class Aves or clade Avialae) are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic warm-blooded), egg-laying, vertebrate animals. With around 10,000 living species, they are the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. All present species belong to the subclass Neornithes, and inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) Bee Hummingbird to the 2. 75 m (9 ft) Ostrich. The fossil record indicates that birds emerged within theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic period, around 150 million years ago.Birds are the only members of the clade originating with the earliest dinosaurs to have urvived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. Modern birds are characterised by feathers, a beak with no teeth, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. All living species of birds have wings; the most recent species without wings was the moa, which is generally considered to have become extinct in the 16th century. Wings are evolved forelimbs, and most bird species can fly.Flightless birds include ratites, penguins, and a number of diverse endemic island species. Some pecies of birds, particularly penguins and members of the Anatidae family, are adapted t o swim. Birds also have unique digestive and respiratory systems that are highly adapted for flight. Some birds, especially corvids and parrots, are among the most intelligent animal species; a number of bird species have been observed manufacturing and using tools, and many social species exhibit cultural transmission of knowledge across generations.Some marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs and mosasaurs, rarely ventured onto land and gave birth in the water. Others, such as sea turtles and saltwater crocodiles, eturn to shore to lay their eggs. Some marine reptiles also occasionally rest and bask on land. Tigers in Bangladesh are now relegated to the forests of the Sundarbans and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The Chittagong forest is contiguous with tiger habitat in India and Myanmar, but the tiger population is ot unknown status.In another study, home ranges of adult female tigers were recorded comprising between 12 and 14 km2 (4. 6 and 5. 4 sq mi). , which would indicate an appro ximate carrying capacity of 150 adult females. The small home range of adult female tigers (and consequent high density f tigers) in this habitat type relative to other areas may be related to both the high density of prey and the small size of the Sundarbans tigers. Present Condition Of Bangladesh : In present time Bangladesh environmental situation is in big risk.Lot of disaster were happened in past and present time also running. our animals are also in big risk due to people are destroying trees and lands for making dewellings and mutistoried commercial complexes. For these reasons our animals are losing their foods and living places for survive. How Can We Protect Our Wild Life : To save our wild life we have to take lot of steps to and to take care of them and we have to deocrate our environment to make survival of our wilf life. My Favourite Book For years, teachers and parents have been worried about comics, the cinema, television, and now the Internet. They all stop children reading, they say. However, it now seems that children are reading more than ever. Reading habits have changed, because there is now lots of competition from other media, but I think that reading is still popular. The reading is very important for me because book is cognitive. When I read a book I recognize something interesting, I get to know new hero and heroine. I like to read classical literature. It is my dream to become a student of the department of foreign languages and to be able to read the books by my favourite English and American writers in origin. What is my favourite book? This question is very interesting for me. Nowadays there are many different genres of literatures. And it is very difficult to chouse one of them. I read many different books. So in every book I always find thing, which I like very much. I like to read William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Robert Burns, Oscar Wilde, Jerome K. Jerome, Charlotte Bronte, Mark Twain, Jack London, Conan Doyle, James Aldridge, Jules Verne, Lewis Carroll, etc. I want to tell you about the book, which I like very much. This book is â€Å"Gone with the Wind†. The author of the book â€Å"Gone with the Wind† is Margaret Mitchell. She was born in Atlanta in 1900. All the family were interested in American history and she grew up in an atmosphere of stories about the Civil War and of stories of staggering events of recent epoch, because her father was a chairman of local historical society. War is one of the biggest misfortunes in the life of people. Now let’s revise some historic facts. Civil War began as the result of economy fight between northern and southern states. Northern states had preponderance – about 20 million of people against of 10 million of people and powerful industrial potential. But southern states had more talented generals and centered direction. After graduating from college Margaret Mitchell worked a little time for the Atlanta Journal. She wrote articles and stories for this journal. In 1925 she got married. In the following ten years she put on paper all the stories she had heard about Civil War. The result was â€Å"Gone with the Wind†. It was first published in 1936. In 1939 it was made into a highly successful film. Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable played the leading roles. Vivien Leigh won the Oscar. â€Å"Gone with the Wind† is the story about Civil War. Margaret Mitchell tells about life of people at the time of this war and about all burdens, which people outlived these years. In the text we can find the description of soldiers’ live. There we can read how cried mothers and wives then they dispatched their children and husbands on the War. â€Å"Gone with the Wind† is also about a love triangle. While Scarlett loves the quiet gentleman Ashley Wilkes, the wild and decidedly ungentlemanly Rhett Butler is in love with her. Ashley married Melanie Hamilton. After many adventures of her own, Scarlett married Rhett – but only for money. The marriage is stormly. That is why eventually Rhett walks out on her, but by the time Scarlett has realized that she loves him after all. Scarlett thinks of some way of getting him back, but we never know if she does because Margaret Mitchell died in 1949 in a car crash. After reading this production I find that it is very expressive and logical because Margaret Mitchell was a good narrator of real life’s stories. It is evidently because she dedicated lots of theme of her tales for real life. Style of this story is particular, spontaneous, and slightly natural. I can say that author tried to comment the actions of personages, and conveyed the senses. I find out that Margaret Mitchell had a good style of the true and delicate sense when she is telling about her heroes. I consider that her mix of fantasy and truth is excellent and unforgettable. I think that there is a splendid style of small drams of our life and society. Simplicity, precision and clarity are the main qualities of her style. The main heroine is Scarlett. This is a person with powerful and pointed mind and furious thirst of life. This is a person who Ã' Ã ¾uld menage all the problems came across successfully. She was able to stand up for herself; she found a way out of unpredictable situation. It she could make much, she has proved to herself, that she can all. Being selfish on her character, she had an indestructible carriage, which was specific feature of her background. After death of mother, on her hands there was all house and members of her family. She took care of her relatives even she had to starve. The only object which helped her to survive was her Tara, her native land. Tara was a fortress where she could not think of anything. When she stumbled into difficult situations, she recollected Tara. She saw the white house which is affably appeared through reddish autumn foliage. She felt silence of rural twilight. She remembered this shrill red ground, and gloomy dark beauty of pines on the hills. Memories of this landscape avoided her from dismal inner thought. In conclusion I would strongly recommend everybody to read this book. Such books as Margaret Mitchell’s â€Å"Gone with the Wind† can be the first step for everybody to get a good hobby of reading. My Favourite Book For years, teachers and parents have been worried about comics, the cinema, television, and now the Internet. They all stop children reading, they say. However, it now seems that children are reading more than ever. Reading habits have changed, because there is now lots of competition from other media, but I think that reading is still popular. The reading is very important for me because book is cognitive. When I read a book I recognize something interesting, I get to know new hero and heroine. I like to read classical literature. It is my dream to become a student of the department of foreign languages and to be able to read the books by my favourite English and American writers in origin. What is my favourite book? This question is very interesting for me. Nowadays there are many different genres of literatures. And it is very difficult to chouse one of them. I read many different books. So in every book I always find thing, which I like very much. I like to read William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Robert Burns, Oscar Wilde, Jerome K. Jerome, Charlotte Bronte, Mark Twain, Jack London, Conan Doyle, James Aldridge, Jules Verne, Lewis Carroll, etc. I want to tell you about the book, which I like very much. This book is â€Å"Gone with the Wind†. The author of the book â€Å"Gone with the Wind† is Margaret Mitchell. She was born in Atlanta in 1900. All the family were interested in American history and she grew up in an atmosphere of stories about the Civil War and of stories of staggering events of recent epoch, because her father was a chairman of local historical society. War is one of the biggest misfortunes in the life of people. Now let’s revise some historic facts. Civil War began as the result of economy fight between northern and southern states. Northern states had preponderance – about 20 million of people against of 10 million of people and powerful industrial potential. But southern states had more talented generals and centered direction. After graduating from college Margaret Mitchell worked a little time for the Atlanta Journal. She wrote articles and stories for this journal. In 1925 she got married. In the following ten years she put on paper all the stories she had heard about Civil War. The result was â€Å"Gone with the Wind†. It was first published in 1936. In 1939 it was made into a highly successful film. Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable played the leading roles. Vivien Leigh won the Oscar. â€Å"Gone with the Wind† is the story about Civil War. Margaret Mitchell tells about life of people at the time of this war and about all burdens, which people outlived these years. In the text we can find the description of soldiers’ live. There we can read how cried mothers and wives then they dispatched their children and husbands on the War. â€Å"Gone with the Wind† is also about a love triangle. While Scarlett loves the quiet gentleman Ashley Wilkes, the wild and decidedly ungentlemanly Rhett Butler is in love with her. Ashley married Melanie Hamilton. After many adventures of her own, Scarlett married Rhett – but only for money. The marriage is stormly. That is why eventually Rhett walks out on her, but by the time Scarlett has realized that she loves him after all. Scarlett thinks of some way of getting him back, but we never know if she does because Margaret Mitchell died in 1949 in a car crash. After reading this production I find that it is very expressive and logical because Margaret Mitchell was a good narrator of real life’s stories. It is evidently because she dedicated lots of theme of her tales for real life. Style of this story is particular, spontaneous, and slightly natural. I can say that author tried to comment the actions of personages, and conveyed the senses. I find out that Margaret Mitchell had a good style of the true and delicate sense when she is telling about her heroes. I consider that her mix of fantasy and truth is excellent and unforgettable. I think that there is a splendid style of small drams of our life and society. Simplicity, precision and clarity are the main qualities of her style. The main heroine is Scarlett. This is a person with powerful and pointed mind and furious thirst of life. This is a person who Ã' Ã ¾uld menage all the problems came across successfully. She was able to stand up for herself; she found a way out of unpredictable situation. It she could make much, she has proved to herself, that she can all. Being selfish on her character, she had an indestructible carriage, which was specific feature of her background. After death of mother, on her hands there was all house and members of her family. She took care of her relatives even she had to starve. The only object which helped her to survive was her Tara, her native land. Tara was a fortress where she could not think of anything. When she stumbled into difficult situations, she recollected Tara. She saw the white house which is affably appeared through reddish autumn foliage. She felt silence of rural twilight. She remembered this shrill red ground, and gloomy dark beauty of pines on the hills. Memories of this landscape avoided her from dismal inner thought. In conclusion I would strongly recommend everybody to read this book. Such books as Margaret Mitchell’s â€Å"Gone with the Wind† can be the first step for everybody to get a good hobby of reading.

Rhetorical Analysis on Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell

In Malcolm Gladwell’s book Outliers, he defines an outlier as someone who does something out of the ordinary or differently. The author is very credible and has a few awards for writing, â€Å"Outliers.† We should listen to Gladwell because some of his information is knowledgeable and can help with everyday life. His purpose is to teach us about the many rules that are being described in the book. The main intended audience would have to be the world and how he displays his values to millions of people. Malcolm Gladwell discusses how someone’s IQ that is in the upper one hundreds is the same as someone’s IQ in the lower one hundreds. Malcolm Gladwell has a lot of credibility and is a reliable source for information. He went to school for a†¦show more content†¦Right away the readers get interested in learning what the then thousand hour rule is about. Gladwell reviews the lives of extremely successful people and how they have had success. There are many ways in which logos are used in Outliers. Gladwell viewed children in Berlin playing the violin and saw that kids having ten thousand hours of practice, were proven to be better at playing the violin, than kids with less than ten thousand hours of practice. He also took a look at Bill gates, which dropped out of college and started a very successful company, called Microsoft. Bill Gates had thousands of hours of practice in programming and other abilities learned through his short years at college. There are no shortcuts at becoming great; everything can only be achieved with lots of practice and hard work. The tone that Gladwell uses in Outliers is long sentences to get his points across to the readers. He uses key points. There were some metaphors used in the book when he talks about the tallest oak trees in the forest and they helped describe the situation and what was being talked about. Many people are cognitive of outliers once they have read the book thoroughly. Some imagery was also showed when Gladwell talked about the winning team and how all of the players and reporters crammed into the locker room. Some people fancy the way that outliers think, act, and how they are successful. TheseShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis : The 10, 000 Hour Rule By Malcolm Gladwell921 Words   |  4 Pages Rhetorical Analysis Essay: â€Å"The 10,000-Hour Rule† How many hours of someone’s life are necessary to perfect a skill? 300? 5000? Perhaps try 10,000 hours. In this chapter from Outliers, â€Å"The 10,000-Hour Rule†, Malcolm Gladwell argues that talent isn’t innate, but takes 10,000 hours to perfect a skill based on opportunity, talent, and practice. Throughout the chapter â€Å"The 10,000-Hour Rule†, Malcolm Gladwell effectively relies on logos--evidence from well-known figures and charts that show age similarities--toRead MoreThe Outliers By Malcolm Gladwell2400 Words   |  10 Pagesideas are serious, entertaining or illogical. In The Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell, the author uses the book to portray a message about the characteristics needed to become a successful outlier. Are outliers just people who do not fit into mainstream society because they are above average? How does one become an outlier? The author not only answers lingering questions that the readers have about the title, but he also shows a way to become an outlier through various circumstances and situations. In fact

Homelessness And The Tampa Bay Area - 1234 Words

Homelessness is a prevalent social issue that many countries are trying to resolve. One area that has a high rate of homelessness is the Tampa Bay Area in Florida. According to a homeless count carried out by the Tampa Hillsborough Homeless Initiative (THHI) in 2016, in Hillsborough County alone, there are, â€Å"at least 1,817 homeless men, women, and children† who have to resort to unorthodox housing, such as spaces behind buildings, encampments, sidewalks, and cars (â€Å"About Homelessness†). Moreover, homelessness is important because anyone can lose his or her home due to unexpected situations. Also, every citizen needs a home so that his or her physiological and safety needs can be satisfied. Whether these people are left without homes because of domestic violence, neglect, financial troubles, or other circumstances beyond their control, efforts should be made to improve their living conditions. Therefore, homelessness in the Tampa Bay Area is an important social issue that needs to be resolved. This problem of homelessness can be solved by the solutions that service organizations, social workers, and advocates propose. Since the 1980’s, the number of American people, â€Å"sleeping in public places increased substantially† (Quigley et al. 38). In other words, the amount of people left without homes in the United States has increased drastically within the past three decades. The increase in homelessness is exemplified in the Tampa Bay Area. According to the National Alliance toShow MoreRelatedRice Was Released By The Ravens And Indefinitely Suspended1104 Words   |  5 Pagesthat he is eligible to play. The list included the Dallas Cowboys, Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders, New England Patriots, and the Indianapolis Colts. On July 24, Ed Werder of ESPN reported that Rice and a group of supporters, including former Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Rutgers head coach Greg Schiano, have been initiating contact with various NFL teams in an attempt to get the passed-over player into training camp. Though the assault is certainly a tremendous factor in his struggle to be signedRead MoreThe Refuge Transition Team ( Rtt )1988 Words   |  8 PagesThe Refuge Transition Team (RTT) is a program currently being provided through Mental Health Care, Inc. in the Tampa Bay area. The program is designed with the evidenced based model of Critical Time Intervention. Refuge transition team targets adult individuals who are chronically homeless, diagnosed with a serious mental illness, have histories of public inebriation by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMSHA) definition with priority enrollment given to veterans.Read MoreThe Relationship Between Child Maltreatment And Delinquency3358 Words   |  14 Pagesand physical abuse as interrelated experiences that influences alcohol and drug use as well as delinquency involvement. The sample consisted of initial interviews of 399 Florida resident detainees admitted to a regional detention center in the T ampa Bay area. Seventy-seven percent of the same was male, 50% was white, and the average age was 15.Using self-reported data, the hypothesized model was supported by the data. Physical abuse appeared to be a more important factor in delinquent behavior ofRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesScale 52 Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale 54 Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized