HRPD 3RD SEM Notes Essay

1. Lacking of support: People think that the human resource planning is unnecessary and time consuming. Workforce can be arranged anytime whenever needed with attractive benefits and incentives so why human resource planning. They thought it is an easy task to manipulate the workforce in the organization. It is matter of surprise that this kind of perception conceived by the top management of organization. 2. Wrong perception about Human Resource practitioner: In this competitive business world it is so a difficult task to compete the rivals without strategy and formulating strategic planning is challenging. It is supposed to that the people who formulated the human resource plan are not expert about business as result they might make error in overall strategic since the human resource practitioner formulated the human resource plan. 3. Incompatibility of information: A strategic plan is set for achieving the long term goal or objectives of the organization. At the time of formulation strategy the used information are long time oriented and on the financial basis, but the human resource planning formulated using the short term information. So the information of human resource does not often match with the information of strategy formulation. 4. Confliction between short term and long term need of Human Resource: In an organization there are need of Human resource for short term purpose and long term purpose. The short term purpose can be met by hiring people for short term period but to meet the long term purpose organization must prepare its own capable skill workforce. Individuals must prepare to meet the long term purpose has to prepare skill people to run its work smoothly that can fulfill the long term needs of organization. If it is think that skills are available to meet the short term needs the long term needs are avoided. 5. Approach confliction: In formulation of human resource planning it must consider that how many people and how efficient people will be needed for the smooth functionality of the organization. Among the human resource practitioners some emphasis on number of employee and some emphasis on the quality of the employee where both approaches are equally important for the organization. 6. Absence of operating managers’ co-ordination: There is no doubt that Human Resource planning is a major function of Human Resource Management that means Human Resource department and it is also inevitable that successful planning is depending on the co-operation of all the existing department. Mainly the operation managers’ coordinating exertion plays an important role in the succession of Human Resource Planning. Conclusion: From the above discussion we have got some problems among them few are created by the involved person in the organization and few are created from the miss-perception of idea perceived by the managers at different level or be deficient in synchronization with the planning in different department. But which may be avoidable.

Return to paradise Ethics and morality Essay

In the movie Return to paradise directed by Michael Asimow, Asimow raises profound questions about the gulf between law and justice and about personal moral responsibility. Some of the main ethical questions raised in the movie are, Are we being ethnocentric about how the Malaysian chief treat the case, should Sheriff go to prison for Lewis? And did Beth unethically trick sheriff into going by getting into an affair and not telling the full truth. Sheriff seems to be a nice relaxed guy and seems to be your average guy who knows his place in the world, but when Beth confronts him about Lewis’s situation, his whole life changes and he begins off as a shallow coward and over time begins to emerge. For eight days he goes through a spiritual transformation, sheriff decides to accept his fate. He comes to the conclusion that he will stay for Lewis due to the guilt. Lewis is still executed, but we are left with the impression that sheriff has found peace within his heart. Tony is a married man and works as an architect. When Beth confronts him, like sheriff, he is deeply disturbed by the decision he will have to make, and does not know what to do. He agrees to return to Malaysia, but only if Sheriff returns too. Sheriff remains resistant to the idea, and so Tony decides to accept the full six years. After much soul-searching sheriff eventually accepts his share of responsibility. After Beth is revealed as the sister of Lewis, Tony freaks out and flees the country, leaving sheriff and Lewis to suffer. The fact that he left Lewis to die because he found out Beth was his sister shows that he may never wanted to go back, and was waiting for and excuse to escape. Beth is the sister and lawyer of Lewis. Through love of her brother and her skill as a lawyer Beth tries her hardest to keep her brother off death row. She wins Tony over at first, and tries to get sheriff to join as well- using guilt, logic, money, and even sex to shift his mind. Over time she convinces both of them to return for lewis and after all her desperate attempts to save lewis due to the ruthless and heatless newspaper journalist lewis is still hung. When sheriff was faced with the possibility of prison in a third world country, he sought council from his distant father, who told him to go to prison and suffer the consequences of his actions. Tony talked to his wife about the idea, and Beth relied on her own instincts to do what she thought was right. Initially, and for a majority film, sherif’s answer was no. This was mostly because of fear and the unknown of prison. After discussing it with his wife  Tony agrees to the three-year sentence, and then after sheriff declines, decides on his own to take the full six years in order to save him. Beth decides to continually pursues both men, despite the fact that Tony has already agreed. She does this to decrease the scentence for both men. Sheriffs decision was influenced by no one but himself. His, father, Beth, Tony and Tony’s wife all insisted that he accept the sentence, but out of selfishness he thought of only his safety and declined. Tony’s decision came initially out of discussion with his wife, but was eventually persuaded through guilt to accept the full sentence. Beth came to her decision through love of her brother, but also respect and compassion for Tony and sheriff who would have to suffer for lewis’s life. Although this film certainly holds no happy ending, the bond between sheriff and beth is now strong and she has agreed to wait for his freedom.

1963 March on Washington for Demonstration

Men skiing from Chicago to Washington for the demonstration Washington Parade in 1963 was a major event in the tradition of orderly non-violent protest behavior. Asa Philip Randolph who proposed in Washington in March 1933 tried marching in Washington more than 20 years ago. At that time, he accepted President Roosevelt's orders, founded a fair employment practice committee, and the parade of 1940 was canceled (Saunders 16). However, there were increasingly reasons to follow this path in 1963; black's unemployment, violence against the Birmingham demonstrators and civil rights law have reached their greatest interest at the moment, and the parade may not wait anymore I do not. In June 1963, just before March in Washington, 60% of Americans (undoubtedly, because more than 70% of Caucasians received support of high levels of blacks), civil rights demonstrations were a hindrance to the progress of black people I said. Help the obstacles. In fact, this means that most white people think they know more about the needs of blacks than real blacks. Although the voting right bill was not yet established in 1964, blacks did not vote in the whole southern part, but while discrimination in houses continued, fair housing law was not discussed for 4 years, 4 minutes Three Americans are over 80%. Caucasian said that black people should cease protesting their rights On August 28, 1963, about 250,000 people participated in Jobs and Freedom in Washington, whether black or white. This is the biggest demonstration of the nation's capital history and expansion of the civil rights movement. The most important show. After marching from the Washington Monument, the demonstrators gathered near the Lincoln Memorial, and several civil rights leaders spoke with the crowd seeking voting rights, black equals employment opportunities. More than 250,000 demonstrators attended the capital on August 28, 1963 to participate in Washington in March for Employment and Freedom. This is not only the largest human rights demonstration in American history but also a rare show of solidarity in various civil rights groups. The event began at the rally at the Washington Monument. There were several celebrities and musicians there. Later, the participants marched to the memorial hall with a mile National Mall. The three-hour program at the Lincoln Memorial Hall contains prominent civil rights and lectures by religious leaders. This day ended with the White House Summit Meeting with President John F. Kennedy, the leader of the White House.

Media Bias and Propaganda in United States Essay

Media Bias and Propaganda in United States - Essay Example As such, the power that media has upon the lives of individual around the globe is dynamic and likely will increase as globalization and media integration continue to be evidenced. However, for purposes of this brief analysis, the author will not specifically focus upon the globalizing power that media has; rather, the focus will instead be upon the way in which self-censorship, bias, and seemingly uniform actions; even without overt coercion needing to be applied. As a function of seeking to understand the impact that media has on stakeholders within society, the following analysis will engage the reader with some of the most prominent ways in which media impacts the way in which people think, act, and define/constrain their lives. Through an exemplification of the way in which propaganda and bias are represented throughout the media, it is the hope of this author that the reader can come to a more profound and nuanced understanding of the way in which these very real and prescient issues impact upon the way in which society interacts with the world, defines it, and seeks to understand it. Firstly, in order to understand this uniformity of approach that so many media outlets throughout the current market exhibit, it is necessary to seek to understand the way in which media control exists within the current dynamic. Whereas it is true that television media only accounts for one way in which the individual is exposed to information, is necessarily a microcosm of media proliferation and can adequately help an individual to understand the way in which power dynamics and bias are represented with regards to the information that is consumed. Ultimately, the current television media is 90% owned by six main corporations within the United States. These corporations are as follows: GE, Newscorp, Disney, Viacomm, Time Warner, and CBS. Such a level of realization helps to denote the fact that a virtually oligarchical level of control exists over television news media. Ul timately, this level of oligarchic competition was not always exhibited. Even two decades ago, a litany of different companies owned the television news media and allowed for a great level of diversity of opinion. However, due to the fact that diversification of ownership was not maximizing profitability and reach, not to mention marketing potential, the six key firms that have been denoted previously engaged upon a definitive program of buying out the competition. Yet, before the reader comes to the assumption that television media is somehow a unique entity and therefore should be understood differently than newsprint, radio, or other forms of media, the fact of the matter is that the same level of consolidation has taken place within these industries over the past several decades. For instance, if one briefly reviews radio and considers the way in which consolidation has taken place over the past few decades, Clear Channel and a handful of other powerful media moguls have defined the way in which current radio programming is presented to the listener. By much the same token, one need not perform a high level of analysis into the newspaper industry in order to understand the fact that individual such as Rupert Murdoch and others have brazenly set out to acquire almost each and every newspaper within the United States and place it under a central banner. Although this process of

Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci - Essay Example It is a poem filled with puzzles and, therefore, is prone to innumerable elucidations. Keat’s sonnet depicts the situation of an anonymous knight who has come across a mystifying lady described as the ‘fairy’s child’. It begins with a depiction of the knight in a desolate land. He explicates to the reader how he encountered a strange woman with extraordinarily wild eyes. The lady is portrayed as a reasonable woman who told the knight that she truly cherished him. The knight takes her to her ‘elfin grot’, but on reaching there, she bawled and moaned full sore. The knight is left baffled, and before he comprehends, the inexplicable maiden sets him to sleep. While sleeping, the knight has dreams of pale emperors and princes who sob, ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci ’. He awakes to see himself on the chilly hill’s side. He persists to linger while palely lurking. The following discourse confers the repercussions of love as Keats expres ses them in his sonnet (Symons, p. 89). The premise of the sonnet is lucid since it explains how the knight suffers the spasms of humiliation while allowing himself to be overtaken by his fondness towards the enthralling woman. This depicts a situation of unrequited affection. As illustrated, the knight’s love was superior to that of the mysterious maiden. As explicated in the sonnet, he supposed that the fairy lady is smitten and; consequently, he falls intensely for the maiden too. The sonnet depicts the knight falling for an extremely attractive lady, who he met in the meads. At the beginning of the poem, the knight is portrayed to be in a desolate condition. He progresses to recount what transpired when he encountered the ‘fairy lady’ who disappeared in the night. His desolation and humiliation is described by the utilization of the sedge that has shrunken from the lake, and the absence of birds playing. As elucidated, the lady’s disappearance is a har sh upshot of unreciprocated love. The knight is left in torment since his affection for the ‘fairy child’ unreturned. The shrunken sedge and the milieu of no birds chirping depict how heart-broken he is and how empty he feels within. Love is believed to be a two way phenomenon. The portrayal of the strange maiden disappearing without a sign illustrate how love can turn out when one adores someone who is not smitten as much as they are (William, p.68). Moreover, the knight’s anguish for his deep affection for the ‘fairy child’ is seen where he is unaccompanied and palely lurking. It describes the situation he is in after the maiden heartlessly left him on the chilly hill side. His distress is illustrated by how he palely lurks alone on the hill side speculating what to do. His misery is also portrayed by ‘nature fading’ around him leaving him void. This somehow leaves the knight lifeless. The beauty of the fairy woman lures the knight to her, and this same loveliness destroys him. Another upshot of ‘fake love’ is the knight being robbed of his heart. He is attracted by her magnificence not knowing that she is a mystical being. The knight’s misery after his mystical encounter is elucidated by a contrast of his paleness to the vanishing rose. It elucidates that his despair could result in his demise. In addition, the ‘fairy maiden’ destroys the knight’s life as portrayed in the poem. This is explained by knight’s vision of influential rulers, combatants and princes whose lives were also devastated by the

Critically discuss the role of an HRD manager in promoting Essay

Critically discuss the role of an HRD manager in promoting organizational competitiveness within a slowly recovering economy - Essay Example or a change and development among the organisational structure is mostly identified when the job performances of employees are not meeting the standards of the organisation. To be more precise, when the performances of the two groups working under same conditions do not produce the same outcomes, then the HRD manager has to step in the role for enhancing the employees’ performance. Career management and development, socialization and orientation, coaching and performance management are among the few factors that the HRD manager’s roles are surrounded with. It is therefore, necessary to identify the appropriate time to assist the management for developing organisational competitiveness. Thus, the objective of the paper is to identify the different roles played by the HRD manager, both necessary and unnecessary, which at times play a vital part upon organisational performance. HR professionals must build up vast competencies which will benefit them for functioning of their tasks to deal with the changes in the organisations. They should ensure that flexibility and effective communication must be a part of their role which will allow them to adapt to situations quickly. Thus, the roles of HR managers are based on few factors which are discussed below. According to Maanen & Schein (1979), procedure of socialisation engages the transmission of information as well as values which are essentially cultural matters. Furthermore, they added that an organisational culture consists of rules and values that are different within various organisations. The culture of the organisation is mostly dependent on few factors such as, how members relate to colleagues, subordinates, superiors and outsiders, which are conveyed to the new employees by the HR managers. The HR should communicate to the newly employed behavioural environment that prevails within the organisation. Additionally, orientation of employees is the basic facet cited by the HR manager, before any simplest role

The place of animals in society is an important theme in wicked.Why Essay

The place of animals in society is an important theme in wicked.Why does Elphaba make it her mission to fight for animal right.How else does social class define - Essay Example The animals hurled themselves into the violent flow in an effort to escape certain death. Those who turned away from the effort remained grounded in their animal state, while those who actually achieved the goal of making it to the safety of the banks received the reward of sentience and consciousness. The element at work as far as Elphaba's mission to return the dignity of Animals taken away by the Wizard is that the Lurlinest religion was a matriarchal myth. Part of the Wizard's plan in ruling Oz is to deconstruct and explode the matriarchal tradition and impose a patriarchal one. The evolution from a matriarchy to patriarchy is the thematic underpinning that connects Elphaba to the Animals. "Elphaba looked like something between an animal and an Animal, like something more than life but not quite Life" (77). Both are outsiders, socially disruptive to the predominant ideals associated with the kind of fascist rule that marks the Wizard's reign.

Response to both students with at least 3 references. each response Coursework

Response to both students with at least 3 references. each response must state the name of the student at the beginning and the reference immediately after the response - Coursework Example Generally, my view is that society and policy must reach some form of consensus in order to avoid conflict of a mismatch between social realities and policy structures. I agree with your opinion that public policy could be used to affect social change just like social change can provide the necessary pressure to create appropriate policy. I base my support on the fact that social change and public policy are connected as causative agents of each other (Den Hond & De Bakker, 2010; Lempert & Light, 2009). Essentially, social change involves the development of visionary structures that would guide the process towards the desired ends. Policy frameworks are built within these structures. The examples of Cesar Chavez of Union Farm Workers and Max Heller’s Greenville 2005, The Journey Forward, are suitable illustrations of the role of policy as the provider of operational mechanism of social change (Greenville Forward, 2012; United Farm Workers, 2012). I also back your view that policy provides the visionary framework that determines the course of social change. In the two cases you have cited, the vision of the two individuals were condensed into meaningful policies that supported the processes of social change. Den Hond, F., & De Bakker, F. G. (2010).Ideologically motivated activism.In G. R. Hickman (Ed.), Leading Organizations Perspectives for a New Era (pp. 618-641). Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC:

Thinking like an Economist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thinking like an Economist - Essay Example I believe that the ideas of Adam Smith are still relevant in our current world economy. It is irrefutable that only a few things changed over the century which implies that older ideas can still be applied in the present. This is even more applicable to social sciences like economics as the past dilemmas still haunt the policy and decision makers of today. The problem of maximizing public good is still a one of the greatest questions in the world economy which can be answered by the ideas of Smith. The relevance of the ideas of Smith can be seen on how governments are presently trying to deregulate industries and privatize some previously government owned corporations. The countries doing this are coming to the realization that deregulation and privatization triggers a more competitive environment for industries and corporations alike, leading to more efficient operations. It is also notable that these processes ensure that the true value of goods and services in the economy is reflected in the pricing system as subsidies are now removed. Deregulation and privatization also significantly improves the overall efficiency in corporations' operations thereby maximizing producer surplus. When producers pass this in the form of lower prices, consumer surplus is maximized and the overall economy profits. One of the best examples to illustrate Adam Smith's concept of "invisible hand" is fr

A Physician Is Immune from Liability When a Patients Actions Assignment

A Physician Is Immune from Liability When a Patients Actions Contribute as Much to His Own Harm as the Physicians - Assignment Example In cases of medical liability, informed refusal often arises in instances when patients claim that they were not fully made aware of the fact that by not following the doctors’ suggestions for either a screening regimen, appointments or taking their medication as ordered. Instead, they claim that doctors and nurses were not either clear or assertive (Martin et al, 2005). These patients seemingly agree to follow the doctor’s recommendations and then do not. Thereafter, these patients allege that the physician did not provide them with a full picture of the potential harm that could come to them from not following the recommendations put to them by the doctor (Lerner, 2014). The role of the physician in patient care is to actively determine what the most appropriate treatment for a patient is based on their medical problem determined by the physician’s knowledge, medical judgment as well as experience (Furrow et al, 2013). Thereafter, his job is to present these recommendations to the patient for their consideration and ideally to gain consent that they will follow through on the treatment plan. As a general rule, the patient is the one who makes the ultimate decision with regard to their medical care and therefore has the final word on whether or not to carry on with the treatment recommended (Hoffman, 2011). If the patient elects to follow the recommendations put forward by the physician, then essentially the only thing that the physician can do is to provide helpful advice and to follow up on the missed appointments. Non-compliance is an issue that is well known and in many instances inevitable (Hoffman, 2011).  

Poetry Analysis Essay Example for Free

Poetry Analysis Essay Six Galician Poems by Federico Lorca (Madrigal for the City of Santiago, Ballad of Our Lady of the Boat, and Song of the Shop Boy) Lisability: Camellia-any of several shrubs of the genus Camellia, especially C. japonica, native to Asia, having glossy evergreen leaves and white, pink, red, or variegated roselike flowers. Veiled-not openly or directly expressed; masked; disguised; hidden; obscure: a veiled threat. Languishing-to be or become weak or feeble; droop; fade. Pampa-the vast grassy plains of southern South America, especially in Argentina. Nostalgia-a wistful desire to return in thought or in fact to a former time in ones life, to ones home or homeland, or to ones family and friends; a sentimental yearning for the happiness of a former place or time: a nostalgia for his college days. Story-The story is about Federico leaving his hometown of Madrid and going to Santiago. He arrives in Santiago Argentina, because several words he uses and other objects he describes are only found in Argentina. Lorca is in Santiago and it is constantly raining, it is raining at night and in the morning. If he is not writing about rain, it’s the ocean or some other form of water. While wondering the city he encounters a statue or painting of the Virgin Mary. He then travels to the capital of Argentina , Buenos Aires. He says the wind sounds like bagpipes. Ramon de Sismundi owns a shops and he seems to be unhappy throughout the whole poem. Meaning – Rain symbolizes a lot of things especially in poetry where there is not a real meaning. The rain Lorca rights about is cleansing him, starting a new life. All of the difficulties he had in Spain and America are now behind him, it is time for him to move on and start a new beginning. Many people are always stuck in the past, but he is not going to be like them, he is going to move forward and make progress. He also writes a whole poem about Our Lady of the Boat (Virgin Mary). She also represents various meanings, but in this poem he is most likely talking about pureness. A double emphasis since water is also pure. Also he may be trying to tell us that if it wasn’t for his strong faith in the Virgin Mary, he wouldn’t have the chance to move forward. He tends to write about nature, but the otherness of it. He talks about wind, which more than often symbolizes a certain type of force or energy. In Santiago the wind is damp and gray. Ramon is cleaning his shop, and dreaming but this man is still unhappy. He does not find the bagpipe winds of Buenos Aires, people that have positive and happy attitudes find great things about the city and move on, people who are depressed and unhappy such as Ramon do not get nowhere. Maybe Ramon is unhappy because he knows he is going to die, and it is sooner than he thinks. Lorca always seems to be expressing his inner emotions and feelings. Even though this place is great, there is no place better than home. Technique-Lorca is very big on imagery. Almost every single line contains imagery. He really tries to get the reader in the spot that he is at. Lines such as Trembles in my heart, and came the misty dead. He uses imagery to emphasize the meaning. Often, the intention of Lorca is to change the way readers see the world. Especially with Lorca’s themes, some of which include: awareness of death, our limitations, isolation and nature. He uses a lot of diction which is choosing certain words to emphasize something else, whether it is emphasizing the meaning or imagery. He also does not give no direct meaning. Mo or Pomo- Lorca is definitely a modernist poet. Not only in the pom but also in real life. He stuggles with the fact that he is homosexual and many people do not accept him, placing himself on the lower part of the hierarchy. Even though he is low on the hierarchy is doesn’t prevent him from making progress and moving on, leave everything else behind. These poems are modernist simply because of their appearance, they are very structured and have the same number of lines in each stanza, very formal.

Violence against Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgender Essay Example for Free

Violence against Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgender Essay In the past, society has been responsible in inculcating, indoctrinating and impressing on the minds of people that there are only two kinds of gender, either male or female. But in our modern setting, society has learned to adapt to the non-conformists in their midst in regards to this classification. But there are those who by virtue of their fear or upbringing, has raised the specter of violence against these individuals for no other reason than satiating their fear and hatred of gays and lesbians in this society. Can the incidence of violence against gays and lesbians be stopped? Should heterosexual society have justifications in their fear, or hate, of the â€Å"queer† people? In the article of Valerie Jennes and Kimberly Richman, Anti-Gay Violence and its Discontents (2002), there are recent crimes that seem to suggest just that. In a most heinous display of homophobia in the United States, one homosexual man from Wyoming, Matthew Shepard, was brutally killed by two assailants, Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson (Diane Richardson and Steven Seidman p. 403). In the course of the investigation, it was discovered that the victim allegedly made advances on the suspect which provoked the suspect to go into a murderous fit. Counsel for the defendants argued that the incident was triggered by the homophobic tendencies of the suspect (Richardson and Seidman 403). After the Shepard case, Billy Jack Gaither was murdered by friends of McKinney and Russell. Again, the reason cited in the investigations was homophobia. Gaither was hit repeatedly with an axe handle, and then set on fire using a pile of tires as kindling. All of the cases were done by reason of the fear of homosexuals and the alleged sexual advances made by the victims on the suspects (Richardson and Seidman 403). Cases like these only display one fact. It must be understood that this incidents present a throwback to the old ideas that there are only male and female roles to be filled in the society, and anything else is deviant. But in this day and age, many of those roles are adequately fulfilled in by the non-conformists in the society, those who aver that it is their choice or give weight to the biological factors that make them as such. Most of the LGBT sector is afraid of revealing themselves and being true to their identity because of the ridicule and the shame that they would be made to endure (Riki Wilchins 265). In any society, there is always the event that what that society fears the most, it learns to hate it, not because of anything that the object of that fear has, but in the mere fact that the object gives them the thought that this object found its way into that society. This seems to be the main driver of the hate against gays and lesbians. It is thios hate that drives them to commit crimes against homossexuals. In her article Coming Out, Professor Paula Rodriguez Rust explains the term as recognizing that an individual has feelings of attraction towards a member of their own sex, embrace a bisexual outlook, and be able to share that identity with others (Paula Rust 227). This must be done to be recognized as such since the society has been inculcated with the notion that all are heterosexual. Since this is the operative assumption, then all parents would expect that their children are heterosexual and conduct themselves in a heterosexual manner. If one were to replace this resident societal identity with another so-called â€Å"deviant† one, these individuals run the risk of being ostracized rather than accepted (Rust 227). A revealed homosexual, once he does so, will find that their relationships in the heterosexual society will be vastly different than the one held in that society. It means a change in the attitudes and disposition members of that society will accord that person, gay or lesbian. Relationships with the members of that society, especially close ones such as friends or family, will dramatically alter for the worse. One will experience the impoverishment of closeness of these relationships, since their behavior or identity runs against the grain of that society (Rust 227). One of the subjects Wilchins interviewed intimated about the shame that he felt every time that his mother would ask him to hold her bag in the shop (Wilchins 265). His partner said that he used to skip classes every time they would play baseball in the gym because of the comments about the feminine way that he threw the ball (Wilchins 265). It is evident from the reaction of these two individuals that the society they are in now still has to allow integration of their sector into the mainstream of the modern-day society. The modern society that the United States boasts of is still quite archaic in their beliefs, at least in this context. Through history has been replete with incidents of violent acts that focus on the gay and lesbian sector, it was only recently that the government have begun to accumulate the data on the different aspects of the crime of â€Å"gay bashing† (Richardson and Seidman 405). Before this time, verifiable information on the statistics of gay and lesbian violence was very hard to come by. It was not until the later 80s that scientific research work on the compilation of data regarding the causes and manifestations of the crimes against homosexuals that is vital in the work to address this issue has recently been accumulated. In the United States, there have been incessant calls for the authorities to look into and monitor incidents of crimes of bias, especially those affecting the gay and lesbian part of society (Richardson and Seidman 405). Heterosexism: Racism in a new light As the African Americans in the early history of the United States were subjected to racist initiatives, gays and lesbians were not spared from the ostracization of the society (Gregory Herek, PhD). Since the advent of the gay movement in the middle of the 1900s, many people have reprehended these individuals as sick, profligate and outright felonious. This line of thinking was given form by psychologist George Weinberg, coining the term homophobia (Herek). Weinberg (1969) used this term to quantify the fear of heterosexuals coming into close contact with homosexuals. His term was first printed in 1969, coming out in Weinbergs Society and the Healthy Homosexual in 1972 (Herek). So what is a homophobe (University of Florida)? In brief, a homophobe can be defined as a person with an intense hatred or dread of homosexuals. Heterosexism is the idea that a heterosexual is superior to a homosexual, and that homosexual relationships are not as legal or accepted as heterosexual ones. Heterosexism as a concept came about the same time as racism and sexism (Herek). As an ideology, the term came to define the actions of individuals to asperse, besmirch, and isolate any form of homosexual conduct or actions (Herek). In Wichins article, it was said that the gender issue is like some form of â€Å"closet† that gay and lesbians must be willing to come out of (Wilchins 266). This, according to Wilchin, is the area that is targeted by heterosexuals. As stated earlier, society has been impressed by a constant deluge of the need to conform to the genders and sexual types in the modern society. Male children are taught to talk, walk, and act like some Hollywood action star. If the actions of the children are in the least way feminine, they will be subjected to violence and debasement (Wilchins 266). They learn to abhor anything remotely connected to their feminine side, so that when they finally come up to one, they are more than willing to terminate that threat (Wilchins 266). This indifference and marginalized treatment of the gay and lesbian sector may be attributed to the invasive nature heterosexism has been influencing the dominant society. This can clarify the hidden nature that the gay and lesbian sector has been â€Å"operating† in the society. Again the dictates society declares that the practice of heterosexual activities and conduct is widely accepted and tolerated, and the practice of homosexual conduct is severely chastised and discouraged (Florida). If people who are known or are open in their practice of their identities are discovered, they are open to violent acts that seem to be perpetrated by the dictates of the society (Herek). In a 1987 report released by the United States Department of Justice on the statistics of bias crimes, it was found out that a majority of the targets of these crimes were minority group members, such as African Americans, Hispanics, Jews, Asians and gays and lesbians. It also noted that gays and lesbians were the most frequent victims of bias crimes. In other private-sponsored studies, crimes against homosexuals that were provoked or bought upon by homophobia and heterosexism topped the reasons for the commission of the crime (Richardson and Seidman 403). It seems that the main issue, however, in the issue of gays and lesbians in society is not that they operate, so to speak, in a different norm and manner. Rather, the issue is trying to create a niche in a heterosexual dominated society (Wilchins 267). Wilchins argues that the movement for the recognition for the rights of women ultimately bore enactment in laws for the benefit, in the same way that gay rights efforts ultimately gave rise to recognition of that sectors rights. If the gender issue is to discussed intelligently and objectively, then the gender rights movement must be bought out rather than hidden from the public agenda (Wilchins 267). For something to be discussed, what is needed is educated discussion, rather than making attempts at terminating the percieved threat. Can the violence against LGBTs be stopped? Again, we must go back to the freedom we speak of. It is recognized that many in the LGBT sector have risen up through the obstacles that this â€Å"modern† society has set up along their way and emerged triumphant, yet are still looked down upon, and in many instances, with hate permeating through the opposition. It is this hate that laws and statutes, however good they may be, cannot control, the choice of people to hate, to think ill of the gays and lesbians, and to concoct and perform violence against gays and lesbians. All that can be done is to make laws that are far more retributive against people who perform these acts. Federal and local governments should take the initiative in making laws or amending current statutes to give more protection for the gays and lesbians in the society. Unless modern society provides that niche by which the gays and lesbians can integrate themselves into the mainstream of society, it can be said that violence against gays and lesbians and others like them are likely to be a major problem. It is in the act of â€Å"modern† society to accept its diversity, not only in identity, but also in gender and preferences that it can be called a truly modern society. Works Cited Equality Maryland. â€Å"Hate Crimes Bill Heads to Governors Desk†. http://www. equalitymaryland. org/pr_2005/pr2005. 04. 09. htm Garnets, Linda and Kimmel, Douglas C. â€Å"Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences: Chapter 9: Finding a Sexual Identity and Community, by Paula Rust†. New York City: Columbia University Press (2003). Works Cited Herek, Gregory M. â€Å" Definitions: Sexual prejudice, homophobia, and heterosexism†. http://psychology. ucdavis. edu/rainbow/HTML/prej_defn. html Richardson, Diane and Seidman, Steven . â€Å"Handbook of Gay and Lesbian Studies: Valerie Jennes and Kimberly D. Richman†. California: Sage Publications (2002). Wilchins, Riki Anne. â€Å"Time for Gender Rights†. GLQ: A Journal of Gay and Lesbian Studies Volume 10, Number 2 (2004). pp. 265-267. University of Florida. â€Å"What is heterosexism†? http://grove. ufl. edu/~ggsa/files/bboard/heterosexism. pdf.

The Motivation Towards Learning English

The Motivation Towards Learning English English language is a required school subject in the Malaysian schools. Students experience 11 years of schooling prior to entering the upper educational institutions. Students in secondary schools spend five 40 minutes English periods per week. Regardless of the shift from the conventional teaching methods to communicative language teaching, most English language classrooms continue to be places to commit textbooks to memory rather than practice communication and English is still to be treated as a school subject that needs to be mastered and tested rather than a tool for communication. Students in Malaysia cannot get a degree from the institutions of higher education without passing the Malaysian University English Test (MUET). So, triumph in learning English might determine ones growing mobility and prospect. It is significant in mentioning that regardless of the great labors and pains being put forth in Malaysian secondary schools to educate English, one can barely encounter fluent and confident school graduates. Disadvantage in listening and speaking skills are obviously noticed since teachers are required to teach students in an approach which is directed to achieve the requirements of the exams (extensive vocabulary and grammatical rules). For the reason that the General Secondary Exam is not directed in the direction of the speaking and listening skills of students, the teachers of English discover themselves dispassionate in preparing their students for things which will never be tested in exams. Regrettably, loads of students in Malaysian secondary schools have an aversion to learning English and therefore they be present at the English training to pass the compulsory exams. Consequently, from my concise experience in the teaching turf, I found out that the majority of students hav e passive and inert attitudes in the direction of learning English because of the prior experiences, that English is tough to become skilled at and it is observed that students in the present school systems are feeling hopeless and vulnerable because they lack the skills needed to facilitate them build up motivation. The word motivation appears to be simple, straightforward and easy but its so complicated to describe. It seems to have been impracticable for theorists to reach agreement on a particular definition. Martin Covington (1998:1) states that motivation, like the notion of gravity, is easier to express in terms of its superficial, observable effects than it is to define. Certainly, this has not stopped people from trying it. A a small number of definitions were found for the duration of the research process. According to the Macmillans dictionary (1979), to motivate means to provide with a motive; move to effort or action. Gardner (1985) said that motivation is related to four aspects, which are the goal, effort, desire to attain the goal, and a favorable attitude toward the activity. Motivation is defined as the momentum and force to generate and maintain intentions and objective seeking acts (Ames Ames, 1989). Oxford and Shearin (1994) defined motivation as a craving to achieve a goal combined with the energy to work toward that goal. Keller (1983) states that motivation is the degree of the choices people make and the degree of effort they will put forth. Moreover, when we comprehend or take notice of the word motivation, many words and expressions are triggered in our minds, words like aim, aspiration, motivation, effort, purpose, vigor, perseverance, accomplish, encourage, and reward. Indeed, motivational issues consume a great part of our daily life. When we have a discussion about likes and dislikes, interests, or wishes we are in fact concerning ourselves with the most important motivational determinants of human. When we grumble and whine about stretched working hours, deprived salaries, rough colleagues, or instead when we are pleased by the acknowledgment of our achievements, promotions and munificent incentives, we are addressing issues at the core of the motivational psychology. 1.1 Background of the Problem Kanfer (1998:12) explains that motivation is psychological mechanisms governing the direction, intensity, and persistence of actions not due solely to individual differences in ability or to overwhelming environmental demands that coerce or force action. In short, the concept of motivation is very much part of our everyday personal and professional life and few would ignore its importance in human affairs in general. Dornyei (2001:1). In fact learning and teaching English as a second/foreign language is no exemption or exclusion in this aspect. When we think of how to persuade and give confidence to slow learners to work harder, how to produce an attractive and eye-catching learning ambiance or how to recompense the hard-working students we deal with motivation without a doubt. Since motivation is one of the most noteworthy factors in language learning, it is not easy for the low motivated students to learn English as a foreign language. Dornyei (1994) obviously explains that motivation is one of the main determinants of second/foreign language learning. Amusingly, motivation is perceived by Dornyei (2001) as recurring, going up and down, affecting language accomplishment and being affected by it. He also claimed that a demotivated person is someone who initially has had motivation to accomplish an objective or to involve in an activity and has lost the motivation to do so because of unenthusiastic external factors which related to the surroundings in which learning takes place for instance the classroom and school. Nikolov (1999, in Dornyei, 2001) found that the most essential demotivating factors for all the age groups were related to the learning situations such as materials, the teacher or teaching techniques and he added further that these factors had great consequence on language acquisition and accomplishment. Therefore, understanding the students aspiration and motivation for learning English in addition to the demotivating factors assist the teachers, educational policy makers and curriculum planners to develop the students proficiency. 1.2 Problem Statement Motivational factors have an effect on students proficiency and advancement in learning English. Many studies (Krusdenier, 1985, Dornyei, 1994) have established that measures of proficiency in the second/foreign language are related to motivational distinctiveness of students. In this respect, Corria (1999) claims that a full understanding of students motivation is necessary to make the most of the English language results and positive outcomes. To put emphasis on the significance of discovering the students needs, he cites an example of students at the school of nursing in Holguin who rejected learning English because they did not find any relation between English and their own livelihood and learning some unrelated, irrelevant and distasteful material that wouldnt satisfy their needs. Purpose of the Study The research is designed based on one purpose which is: to investigate the motivational factors in learning English among lower secondary school students 1.4 Research Questions The following research question is considered in the study: Are the students motivated integratively or instrumentally in learning English? 1.5 Significance of the Study Realizing and comprehending the essential responsibility of motivation in learning English, in addition to the aspiration of school administrations and teachers to discern what affects the students motivation towards learning English and the lack of studies about motivation in Malaysian secondary schools forced me to bear this survey. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to distinguish the factors affecting Malaysian students motivation in the direction of learning English as a foreign language. It also focuses at exploring the students integrative and instrumental motivation for learning English. The study will first and foremost give information on motivation toward learning Second Language through literature review in two significant and pertinent areas: integrative (positive attitudes toward the target language group and a enthusiasm to assimilate into the target language community) and instrumental (practical reasons for learning a language, such as to achieve social recognition or to get a better job) motivation and factors influencing the motivation of L2 learners. 1.6 Limitations of the Study The study is being conducted at one school, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. The results of the study may again be limited in generalizability to a larger population because a convenience sample was being used, and because random assignment is not employed in the research design. Chapter 2 Literature Review To improve the understanding of students motivation in learning English as a foreign language; it is useful to analyze and focus the literature in two relevant areas: Integrative and Instrumental motivation, and also the factors affecting the students motivation as they are major determinants for language acquisition and achievement. 2.1 Sources of Motivation Without knowing where the roots of motivation lie, how can teachers water those roots? Oxford Shearin (1994: 15). Fisher, (1990) points to three major sources of motivation in learning, which is the learners natural interest (intrinsic satisfaction), the teacher/employment and etcetera (extrinsic reward), and success in the task (combining satisfaction and reward). Intrinsic motivation is mainly about acts or behavior performed to experience enjoyment or fulfilling ones inquisitiveness, while, extrinsic motivation relates to the behavior and actions to obtain a little extrinsic reward (e.g. -good grades, employment) or to avoid punishment and it can function as a temporary source of motivation for a demotivated learner. Ryan Dec (2000) reveals that intrinsic motivation is the most vital kind and it is defined as the yearning to engage in an activity for its innate satisfaction rather than for some divisible consequences. To encourage intrinsic motivation, many characteristics as challenge, control, inquisitiveness and desire should be vacant to reflect the learners enthusiasm to learn (Lepper Hodell, 1989). Small (1997) stated that intrinsically motivated learners habitually demonstrate intellectual curiosity, regard learning as enjoyable and keep on in quest of knowledge even after the formal classes and this is the major goal of education. The lack of intrinsic motivation among the learners not only discourages them, but it also upsets the teachers who are the keystone of the educational practice. Luce (2002:1) explained that over the years I have watched them (teachers) collapse, falling hard into vinyl seats of the faculty bun, heard them grunt the oh. hell and damn that come from the experience of working with students who wouldnt learn. I have listened to the sighs of frustration and then the discussion of the fact that students are largely unmotivated, unwilling slugs taking up my time and best performances. Littlejohn (2001) think that not many students have a sense of intrinsic satisfaction. Some teachers strive to affect positively the pupils sense of intrinsic satisfaction by means of games or puzzles. This has momentary impact. So, natural interest of the learners is undependable to produce constant motivation in language learning. Vroom (1995) originated the Expectancy theory in which motivation is almost certainly to take place when learning is significant to the learner (valence), the endeavor to learn will be practical and useful to the learner (instrumentality) and the learners effort and hard work will be rewarded by the learners expected result (expectancy). Realizing these facts, many teachers choose to prefer the extrinsic reward and the extrinsic punishment. In the classrooms, teachers may reward good students with good marks or flattering words or penalize other students with low marks. Therefore, the reward system itself can be exasperating and demotivating for the weaker students. The third source of motivation is the most important and crucial one. For the weak and failing students, we, as teachers have to develop their sense of success and a feeling that they can do something, rather than a feeling that they cant. (Littlejohn, 2001:4) 2.1 Motivation and Attitudes in Second Language learning Numerous theorists and researchers have discovered that it is vital to take a look at the construct of motivation not as a single entity but as a multi-factorial one. In relation to the learner attitudes toward the target language, it was indicated by Gardners results (1959, 1983, 1985) that Second Language learners with positive attitudes towards the speakers and culture were more thriving in learning the language than those who had negative attitudes. Gardner (1983) argued that, because language is the fundamental part of culture, the learning of a second language is dependent upon the learners eagerness to recognize with the culture of the target language and to fit in aspects of the target- language culture, including linguistic repertoire into his or her own behavior. In addition, Fasold (1984) stressed the function of learners attitudes in language growth or perish and he stated that the notion of language attitudes not only includes attitudes towards speakers of a particular language, but it as well includes all kinds of behavior relating to language to be treated. Captivatingly, achievement in learning Second Language for the most part depends on the social relation among the First and Second Language communities. Wong-Fillmore (1991) suggested that accomplishment in learning a second language is dependent on the presence of the following conditions: (a) motivated students who realize they need to learn the target language, (b) target-language speakers who support the second- language learners, and (c) frequent social contad between target-language speakers and learners. Regarding the outcome of learning a foreign language ones own culture, Kramsch (1995) writes about how language plays an imperative function not only in the building of culture but also in the surfacing and emergence of cultural change. Kramsch (1995: 85) also claimed that social change occurs slowly, but inevitably at the edges of dominant cultures. This is true also of the change that we might want to bring about by teaching people how to use somebody elses linguistic code in somebody elses cultural context. Educating members of one society how to talk and how to behave in the context of another community potentially changes the social and cultural equation of both communities, by ingeniously diversifying mainstream cultures. The intensity of the relationship between students own cultural background and the background anticipated by the target community culture usually affects their attitudes and motivation toward learning Second Language. Lambert (1990) differentiated between two types of bilingualism: additive and subtractive. In additive bilingualism, the Second Language learners believe that by learning a new language, something new to their knowledge and experience is added without taking anything away from what they already know. But, in subtractive case, the learners feel that learning Second Language threatens what they already achieve for themselves. So, it can be said that additive circumstances lead to successful Second Language learning and integrativeness. Obeidat (2005) conducted a study to inspect Malaysian students attitudes who were studying in Jordan Universities, toward learning Arabic as a foreign language. He concluded that the students were integratively motivated and their integrative orientations could be credited to the shared belief in Islam which made them prone to expand their scope and construct up their character in the course of learning Arabic. Besides, attitudes of the foreign language learners may be affected by the apprehension that participation with the target language group may effect in estrangement from ones own group. For example, opinions that English is in rivalry with Arabic, may have a negative affect on attainment of English in the Arab World. Pennycook (1994:204-10) stated that that whether or not tension exists between Western and Islamic knowledge , there is a strong feeling that English is linked to forms of culture that threaten an Islamic way of life. Consequently, an analysis into learners attitudes is a technique by which language teachers, education planners, syllabus designers and researchers can boost better insight into the language teaching and learning process. 2.2 Integrative and Instrumental Motivation Motivation and needs are strongly related. On one hand, motivation is perceived as the realization of needs, and on the other, human needs function as drives or incentives which shift one to a particular action. The best well-known theory of human needs is Maslows (1970) hierarchy of need. Maslow put together a fivefold hierarchy of human needs which begins with biological needs and advance upward to psychological ones: physiological needs, as well as the need for food and water; the need for safety; social needs, as well as belongingness and love; esteem needs, e.g. the feelings of self-respect and positive acknowledgment from others; and self-actualization, which means the need for a sense of self-fulfillment. In relation to the foreign or second language learning, the need for safety indicates that the Second Language learner needs to be protected that learning the target language and culture doesnt affect negatively his/her own culture or language. Furthermore, openness in general and learning languages in particular needs a secure and an unstressful atmosphere to facilitate language acquisition. Admiration and social needs also indicate that the learner needs to be a educated person who is capable to communicate and assimilate with others by learning their language. Failure to suit students needs is prone to hamper their risk-taking and motivation. Psychologically self-doubting Second Language learners can be awfully anxious (Macintyre Gardner, 1991) and if this happens, Second Language learners relapse in their needs, motivation, and achievement in the classroom. Motivation for learning a second/foreign language is defined as the learners point of reference with regard to the objective of learning a second language. (Crookes Schmidt 1991). To investigate and realize the effect of motivation on second language acquisition, the two basic types of motivation (integrative and instrumental) should be identified. Integrative motivation is characterized by the learners optimistic and positive attitudes towards the target language society and the aspiration to join together into the target language society. Instrumental motivation contains the purpose of gaining some social or economic incentive through Second Language achievement, consequently, referring to a more functional reason for language learning (Gardner Lambert, 1972). To evaluate a variety of individual differences variables based on socio-educational model, Gardner developed the Attitude and Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) which consists of these five categories: integrativeness, instrumental motivation, motivation, anxiety and attitudes toward learning situations. Gardners model has been used in many motivational studies (e.g. Tremblay Gardner, 1995, Masgoret, 2001). It is acceptable to say that Gardners model place too much stress on the integrativeness and the responsibility of learners attitudes towards L2 group in learning the second language. Regardless of the fact that both kinds of motivation are crucial fundamentals of success in learning the second/foreign language, much debate and disagreement among researchers and educators have been happening about which kind of motivation is more important for the second language learners. Lambert (1974) perceived integrative motivation as being of more importance in formal leaning environment than the instrumental one and it was a more influential forecaster of linguistic accomplishment. Falk (1978) agreed with Lamberts allegation by pointing out that students who are most thriving when learning a target language are those who fond of the people that speak the language, have a high regard for their culture and have a longing to become familiar with the society in which the language is used. On the other hand, Lukmani (1972) found that an instrumental motivation was further significant than an integrative one among the non-Westernized Students of Second Language (English) in Bombay, India. Dornyei (1990) opposed Gardner by claiming that instrumental motivation and the learners need for accomplishment are more essential than the integrative motivation. Brown (2000) stated that second language learners hardly ever select one form of motivation when learning a second language, but rather a mixture of them and he cites the example of the international students in the United States. However, in response to calls for the implementation of a wider image of motivation, Tremblay Gardner (1995) included other motivational variables into the socio- educational model and they acknowledged that other factors as instrumental orientation, attitudes toward the teacher and the course, learning strategies and self confidence might contribute to motivation. In relation to the Malaysian circumstances, second language learners might conserve their identity by instinctively selecting to be motivated instrumentally. Desire related to integrative motivation might affect their Malaysian identity and the dread of identifying with English (Western) culture and values may be related to the colony or to the latest American campaign against some countries in the area. In sense of review of the literature available in the area of students motivation for learning foreign languages, loads of studies try hard to investigate the learners integrative and instrumental motivation. Oller et al (1997) studied educated Chinese speaking ESL students and he realizes that those who perceive Americans as helpful, sincere and friendly perform better in a cloze test of English as a second language. Man-Fat (2004) have the same opinion with Oller when he explored the motivation of English language learners in Hong Kong (grade10) and his study reported the noteworth y association between integrative motivation and language proficiency. Conversely, instrumental motivation was found more important in some situations particularly where there appears to be modest amount of desire to assimilate. Fu Lee (1980) found out that Chinese students in Hong Kong were instrumentally motivated and Second Language linguistic achievements correlated more with instrumental motivation. Dornyeis study (1996) of Hungarian secondary school learners of English exposed that instrumental motivation is a innermost element of motivation where comparatively down-to-earth benefits are actually reachable for the learners. He also claimed that foreign language learning in a classroom doesnt involve attitudes towards the Second Language community because learners have little or no contact with members of Second Language group. In brief, as it is understood from the above discussion, the researchers and educators havent resolute on what the most important kind of motivation a second/foreign language learner should have. The 1970s studies (Gardner, 1972, 1979, Lambert, 1974) have shown that integrative motivation is more important for success in Second Language acquisition and instrumental motivation did not seem to relate to successful language learning. However, the following studies (Gardner McIntyre, 1991, Dornyei 1994, Oxford, 1994) discovered that integrative motivation may not be the strongest forecaster for language learning and the issue of motivation may not be as straightforward as integrative-instrumental dichotomy. They recommended that other mechanism such as aspiration for knowledge need for accomplishment, intellectual inspiration and personal challenge can also play important roles n second language learning. 2.3 Factors Demotivating Foreign Language Learning The similarities of concern between most foreign language classrooms where the language in question is a compulsory school subject, is the problem of demotivation. Nevertheless, the disadvantage of English language learners in general has been attributed to an assortment of factors such as teaching methodology, lack of the target language environment and the learners demotivation (Mukkatash, 1983, Zughoti,1987). For that reason, it is vital for the teachers at least to be conscious of the possible factors that may be disturbing their students motivation. With those factors in mind, they may be able to build up strategies to help unravel the problems that take place relating to students motivation and aspiration to learn English as a foreign language. A great deal of research has been conducted on language learning motivation but a lesser amount of research is being done on the demotivating factors in learning the second language and a few studies have addressed them. Dornyei Otto (1998) dont distinguish motivation or demotivation as a stationary occurrence. In contrast, they are considered as dynamic, increasing and declining, affecting language accomplishment and being affected by the neighboring learning environment. The demotivated learner is defined by Dornyei as the one who is originally motivated and lost his/her motivation because of negative outer factors. Some studies have shown relatedness between demotivation and the learning environment such as classroom environment, teaching methods and curriculum (Gardner, 1985, Skehan, 1991, Sivan, 1986). Gorham Christophel (1992) examined the factors that students identify as motivators/demotivators in college classes in West Virginia University. The study compared students perception of the demotivating and motivating factors. As to demotivating factors, the factors related to teachers behavior were the most common, 43%, those under limited control of the teacher were second in occurrence (e.g. assessment and choice of text books), 36%, and only 21% related to contextual factors over which the teacher has little control. In terms of the data as a whole, the teacher behavior contributed in the same way to both motivation and demotivation. However, the researchers concluded that motivation is seeming as a student-owned state, while lack of motivation is perceived as a teacher-owned problem. Chambers (1993) (in Dornyei, 2001) explored demotivation in language learning in four schools n the UK. The study was done on the school students and their teachers. Students placed most responsibility on teachers and learning materials. The teachers claimed that the students motivation caused by psychological, social and attitudinal reasons. Generally, most studies conducted in the ground of motivation and demotivation as its backside found out that the personality of the teacher, teaching methods, learning context in addition to the learners attitude toward Second Language could play a fundamental role in the students motivation or demotivation on the road to learning languages. Chapter 3 Research Design Introduction This survey is a quantitative type of research which involves the use of questionnaire. Quantitative studies emphasize the measurement and analysis of causal relationships between variables, not processes. In a quantitative research, questionnaires, and computers are used as data collection methods. The data collected is numerical and statistical. The general objective of the researcher is to observe but does not actively participate. Research design is also structured and well-tested. 3.1 Participants Participants consisted of 30 Form 2 students in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Pekula Jaya located in Tikam Batu, Kedah. The socioeconomic status of the school and the area that the school served was largely middle class, and students were primarily Malays. The instruments were administered in the classroom during two periods of English lesson. During the session, students were asked to complete the questionnaire. Directions and individual items were read aloud by the administrator. 3.2 Instruments For the purpose of obtaining data on what negatively affects their English learning motivation, I conducted this study by using a questionnaire (see appendix). The questionnaire was adapted from Gardners (1985) AMTB to measure the students integrative/instrumental motivation in learning English. This part of the questionnaire contains 8 items reflecting the integrative/instrumental motivation and a five- point Likert Scale which ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agrees was being used in this survey. The integrative motivation scale includes four types of items to investigate how well the learners learn English with an authentic enthusiasm to absorb with the target language, culture, community, their manner of life and literature; this would show their Integrativeness in the direction of the target language. However the instrumental motivation scale includes four items aiming at measuring the respondents functional reasons for studying English. 3.3 Procedures At the very beginning of the study, permission was gained from the principal of the targeted schools who showed a willingness to collaborate in this study. To guarantee a positive participation, the subjects were informed that their answers would be confidential and they were not required to write or give their names at any stage of the study. The questionnaire was administered by the researcher and 40 students participated in completing the questionnaire during their English class. The students were assured that the main objective of the researcher was to find out why they like to study English and what makes them sometimes dislike the English classes. Moreover, the students were told that their answers and opinions would not affect their grades or their teachers impression and their participation in the survey would help teachers to understand their desires and problems. Students were encouraged to ask questions at any time during the process. The survey was administered to the students in a classroom environment. Prior to the survey, the participants were assured of anonymity and confidentiality. Then, they were a brief explanation to facilitate the administration, and were asked to respond to the questionnaire items as spontaneously as possible. The students were asked to tick the answer wherever seemed necessary. The participants took approximately 30 to 40 minutes to complete the questionnaire, although there was no time limit. Upon completion of the administration, the participants were offered some refreshments for their participation

Luis XIV, and His Selfish Ways :: European History Essays

Luis XIV, and His Selfish Ways If you were asked to answer the question, â€Å"Which king in European history was the best representative of absolutism?†, you would probably answer, â€Å"Louis XIV.† If you were asked to identify the king with the biggest palace and the most glamorous court, you would answer â€Å"Louis XIV.† If you were asked to identify the king whose reign coincided with the most glorious period of culture in his country's history, you would answer â€Å"Louis XIV.† If you were asked to identify what king fought an endless series of wars, heavily taxed his population, set up the pre-conditions for a revolution against his own system and was jeered by his people as his body was taken to be buried, then you would answer â€Å"Louis XIV.† Louis XIV was a great builder; he built many palaces and residences in France. His greatest remaining monument is Versailles, which was simultaneously a triumph and a disaster in the eyes of France. Louis XIV continued the policy of centralizing French government that Henry IV, Richelieu, and Mazarin started before he became King. Louis XIV also was blessed by having a number of very able advisors. Among the most brilliant was a man by the name of Colbert. Colbert was in charge of economic policies and under his direction the French economy expanded greatly. Louis XIV considered the Protestants, also known as the Huguenots, to be a nuisance, if not a threat to his rule. The Huguenots tended to be more urban, wealthier and better educated than the typical citizen of France. Louis had little understanding of the theological tenants of Protestantism. Some people think that Louis XIV was very important for the future prestige and importance of France. Louis XIV developed diverse manufacturing capabilities, more roads, more ports, more canals, an expanded navy and merchant marine, and all these gave France the potential for greater prosperity. This was looked upon highly by some people, but others were more impressed by the king’s building skills. His greatest remaining monument is Versailles. Versailles was used for residential and government purposes, but it also drew a lot of attention because of its beauty. The palace was filled with a glamorous court.

Physics of Cross Country Skiing :: physics sport sports ski skiing

Cross Country Skiing has existed since prehistoric times. The oldest pair of skis were found to be over 4500 years old. Skiing was used as a way to travel or hunt during the winter season. The skis were designed not so much for speed but to keep the skier on top of the snow. Traditionally, the skis were made of wood, the poles were made of bamboo with leather hand straps. The boots were also made of tough leather and were fastened to the skis with sinew made from animal hides. Skiing was believed to have originated from the Scandinavian countries and this fact is complimented by active skiing lifestyle that we see today. When a man by the name of Jackrabbit Johansson came to North America in 1900, he introduced skiing to locals. Skiing has evolved into a sport that has been proven to be one of the most physically demanding compared to any other sport. In Scandinavia, it is a way for families to connect with each other on the weekends, and to give the children some way to spend their endless energy during the week. Coming from Canada, I noticed that the American school system incorporates sports such as cross country skiing into the curricular activities. This is a good way to give students the option to explore their physical capabilities which may lead them to an active lifestyle or may even lead them to Olympic success. Just being outside brings about a positive mood, especially if you are out with your friends andjust having a good time.Cross Country Skiing is a lifelong sport that anyone can enjoy because the excitement can bring you up to levels you never thought possible. Wax is used in Cross Country Skiing to reduce the amount of contact between the skis and snow, or to produce the proper friction to help the skier propel him-/herself forward. Glide wax is applied to the base of the skis (but not in the 'kick-wax zone') which is in the most contact with the snow. This enables the skier to travel at faster speeds. This part of the ski is always in contact with the snow.Most glide-waxes contain a substance called paraffin which is insoluble with water (meaning that the was will remain on the skis the entire duration of your excursion!) There are two types of glide wax: hard and soft wax The hard wax is generally used in colder temperatures because it provides a good resistance to the firm cold ice crystals.

The Roman Legacy Essay -- Ancient Rome

With the decline and fall of the western empire, the classical age of Rome came to a close as disease, warfare and corruption conspired to bring about the downfall of an ailing empire that had once conquered the known world. Where once enlightened despots had ruled a debauched and unwieldy polity, now barbarians stood over the ruins of a once thriving metropolis. In its absence a new world would arise with new values and ideals. Turning their back on a pagan past the Christian children of these wild men from the north would spawn the greatest houses of future European nobility, and when they looked back for a legacy, they would not see their ancestors as pillagers picking at the bones of a defiled Rome, but instead as its trusted guardians, partnering with the Church to carry her legacy through the â€Å"Dark Ages†. Greece, which had endured its own dark ages millennia beforehand, became the cradle of the western artistic ideal. It’s society was like none other. Organizationally, it preferred a unique form of government called democracy, when other societies around god-kings and despotic strong men. Its ambitions asserted the perfection of man, his unique place in the world. As stories became myth and myths became legends, humans (or human like) gods began to appear in the religious centres of worship. Unlike the gods of Egypt, who almost always have some animalistic component to their physiology, the Greek gods were human-like. Zeus had a human body, hands and feet; for all intents and purposes, he was the first super-man. This was an epic reversal. Where once man relegated himself to the animals, now the Greeks had placed man above the merely natural and into the realm of the supernatural. The human form was exemplified in sculptur... ...prayer books, we get illustrations of the peasant farmer at work in his fields throughout the seasons, alluding to the year round labor required to feed a near starving passel of half a dozen children. In the illuminated Bibles, we see fabulous illustrations off the fabled kingdoms of the east and wild bestiaries of exotic man-imals and creatures said to dwell in terras ingonito, daring men to venture into the unknown again and call at the courts of Pryster John, lord of all the Indias. In the Cathedrals, some of the most dramatic mathematical aspirations were envisioned in stone as towns and masons set out to trump one another with brilliant feats of engineering not attempted since the heights of Rome. This was a world trying to right itself again after the fall of the greatest empire the world had ever seen, a world many wanted to see gain a new purchase on earth.

New Social Movements Essay

To what extent do new social movements represent a challenge to established ways of conducting liberal democratic policies? In order to understand the extent of the challenge posed by new social movements to liberal democratic policy and the ways in which they are conducted one must first understand what these policies entail. These policies or principles are listed by Goodwin as: 1. Supremacy of the people. 2. Consent of the governed as the basis of legitimacy. 3. The rule of law: peaceful methods of conflict resolution. 4. The existence of the common good or public interest, 5. The value of the individual as a rational moral active citizen. 6. Equal rights for all individuals.1 The modern day concept of a liberal democracy is based on the liberalist movement of the philosophers of the eighteenth century. However the advent of past social has resulted in challenges to the ways in which liberal democracy has been and is conducted over the intervening years since that time; the suffrage movement and the American civil rights movement against segregation are two such examples. These movements were successful because those in power allowed them to succeed (admittedly with some reluctance). More recently, that is over the past twenty to thirty years new social movements have grown up. These movements are campaigning on various issues including: * Anti globalisation; the backlash against the increase in power of large corporations and the perceived lack of legislation restricting their actions. * Extremist religious groups. * Environmental change; the movement and groups pushing for greater respect for the planet in a global community. There are also many other groups which have grown up as a result of the mass movement of peoples. These groups campaign for greater minority rights, and more freedom to express cultural heritage. Heywood states additionally that these groups are a result of the post-modernist era: â€Å"If the major political ideologies were in their various ways, products of modernisation [i.e. the labour movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries], the transition from a modern to a post modern society cannot but have profound significance for their [the new movements] roles and character [†¦] post modernity [†¦] has both thrown

Impacts of Rupee Appreciation/Depreciation on Import

INTRODUCTION CURRENCY delay- An increase in the esteem of integrity bullion in terms of an early(a). Currencies give nonice a namest each early(a) for various reasons, including jacket crown inflows and the state of a atomic number 18as current account. Typically, a Forex trade inr trades a money bitstock in the hopes of notes perceptivity of the buttocks up-to-dateness against the counter notes. CURRENCY DEPRICIATION- A decrease in the abide byof acurrencywith delight in to other currencies. This meaning that the belittled currency is expense fewer wholes of both(prenominal) other currency.While derogation means a reduction in value, it arrogate up be advantageous as it be swallows exportsin the depreciated currency less costly. For example, suppose whizz unit of Currency A is worth adept unit of Currency B. If Currency A depreciates such that it becomes worth half of one unite of Currency B, then exports denominated in Currency A atomic number 18 sc arcely half as expensive when vocation in a Currency B commercialize. SIGNIFICANCE- * When a grounds exports are last, the purchaseers of these exports acquire its currency to give birth for those exports. When the countrys key curse increases pursual respects, people depart ask that currency to deposit in the bounds to remove that higher rice beer rate. * When employment and per capita income in a country increase, the conduct for its heartfelts and go increases, along with demand for that countrys currency in the local merchandise. * Demand for each countrys currency on the strange interchange market is obdurate by demand for that countrys exports of goods and go and by changes in revealside investiture in that country.This is because when contradictoryers buy another countrys exports of goods or go they mustiness pay for these in the currency of the export country. * In the same focus, Supply of any countrys currency on the inappropriate metam orphose market is determined by that countrys imports of goods and function and by its investment in other countries. * Thus when the demand for a currency rises its price goes up and it becomes costlier. * An increase in exports of a country go away channelize to an increase in demand for the currency and thus the value rises. * Rapid interior(prenominal) maturement increases the demand for mports, while slowly or no growth with foreign economies burn cause a chastise in demand for the countrys exports. * If prices in both countries lodge the same, wear and tear lead make foreign goods coitusly more than expensive to you, leading to a fall in imports. It a resembling means that, even if prices re of import the same, your goods will be cheaper to foreigners. They will buy more of your goods and exports will rise. As a result, your countrysnet exports will increase. * The devaluation of the buck will vex a positive electrical shock on the importers, while it will t ake in adverse effect on the exporters.Importers of goods and bucket along will be getting the goods and services by paying less theoretical FRAMEWORK- Currency depreciation is not at all good for frugality of a country. political sympathies always keeps an shopping mall on currency fluctuation. More depreciation can cause major discharge to a country. All this is related to export and import of a country. If a currency depreciates, it is the exporters who make good acquire, where as importers are on the losing side. Depreciation discourages purchases of imported goods touch on demand for domestically manufactured goods.The governments oecumenical monitor appreciation and depreciation by using powerful appliances like the build interest order, which are usually bound by the countrys central bank. Many a generation this tool is often used to intentionally depreciate the currency rates to encourage exports. However, this can cause major damage to imports. forever a l abyrinthine sense has to be kept up(p) between export and import. Within a span of 5 twelvemonth, the value of INR has importantly change magnitude from around 40 to 54. 24 with respect to dollar. Indian preservation is among the rapid growing economies of the foundation.The appreciation of the rupees against the dollar would be another giant sign towards its scotch prosperity and augmentation. However, the economic epidemics like poverty, unemployment and so on , could not be dealt in the short-run. In the past one year, the dollar has dropped by around 15 per cent against Indian rupees. This reveals that positive or negative push on volume of export or import would be around 15 per cent, which cannot be over looked as the exporters are suffering losses, whereas importer are on gain. However, the touch will inhabit until there is depreciation of dollar against rupees.If it continues, then a long change can be evaluate on a long run in international trade arena. other strike would be the fantasy of dollar has been losing ground day by day. From analyses make it clear that earlier people were, arrest to the highest degree dollar referable to its value against Indian rupees. However, the scenario has completely changed. Those, who were contrivening to flow to US for job, direct might plan to settle in Britain, as British economy is one of the strongest economies in the human beings REASONS BEHIND INR DEPRECIATION (SINCE AUGUST 2011)Since the changeover from fixed exchange rate politics to market determined exchange rate regime in March, 1993, the INR value with respect to the United States Dollar USD had decreased abstruse (Dua & Ranjan, 2010). The primary reasons that catalyzed the INR fall could be the increased trade between other countries. blank space liberalization, the country witnessed an ever- change magnitude flux in the foreign inflows particularly overdue to the enticing growth potential of the country. However, this effect could not overcome the gap between import and exports called the mickle Deficit.The offsetting effect of foreign inflows strengthened cashbox mid-2008 (the rupee was formerly comfortably transaction at 39. 15 INR/USD) when the banking crisis unfolded in the US leading to recession. though commentators say that emergent economies like India and China were the least piss by the recession (in terms of output) (Ghosh & Chandrasekhar, 2009), the crisis took its monetary value on the INR. With the flight of foreign funds to goodr haven currencies and better investment opportunities, the INR had no other choice but to fall. However, the recent round of depreciation of the INR is peculiar in some aspects.Though there was another crisis that hit the world markets, i. e. the Euro zone crisis, there was immense lag in the effect, with the Euro zone crisis started looming as early as late-2010, the INRs depreciation is felt only in rarefied 2011. Major reasons behind this depreciati on can be listed in decreasing swan of importance as follows * Outflow of funds (and/or) Impeded inflow. * change magnitude Current Account Deficit CAD * retrieval of USD and Japanese Yen JPY the long-term safe haven currencies. * Lack of intervention from rbi FALLING RUPEE AGAINST DOLLAR 011 was the year of great stress for Indian Rupee. It has anomic greater than 10 % of its value in the year 2011, making it one of the mop up performing currencies in Asia. Logic says rupee appreciation shows the Indian economy is beef up against US economy and depreciation makes the economy weaker. Overseas funds sold more than US$500 million worth of Indian-listed shares over the last 5 years, reducing net income for 2011 to less than US$ccc million a tiny center compared with record investments of greater than US$29 billion earned last year, on November 21, 2011 alone.According to Federal depone report, the premium banks pay to borrow dollars overnight from central banks will fall by half a percentage point to 50 fundament points. The move was coordinated with the monetary governing in Canada, the U. K, Japan and Switzerland and the Central bevel of Europe. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND RESERVE intrust OF INDIA The exchange rate is a probative tool used to examine the force of economy. The exchange rate of the Indian rupee is dependent upon the market conditions, where the demand and tack on play a major role.In order to adopt the effective exchange rates the run batted in makes buy and sell minutes to keep the low variability and excitableness in exchange rates. rbi also removes the excess liquidity from the economy by increasing the CRR and SLR. The Government of India also managed move exchange rate mechanism. This means that the Indian government interferes only when the circumstances demand and/or if the exchange rate gets out of authorization by increasing or reducing the money supply. Hedging victimisation forwards and futures contracts hel p in mitigating the risks switch off due to exchange rate fluctuations.This change is known as Hedging, but none-the-less the impact is substantial. Reduce Trade Deficit The main factors for the depreciation of rupee are deceleration in enceinte flows, high trade and current account deficit and high crude oil prices. To stop fluctuations in rupee it is necessary to reduce these deficits. RBI Control Policy When rupee depreciates, it results in a price hike in the petroleum products and fertilizers. This increases the fanfare. This becomes a challenging stop consonant for RBI. If they increase the key rates, it will meet our growth rate and there will be stock market crash.If it is not, pretension will kill the normal public. As per analysts, say the rupee depreciation is considered as a short-term scenario. The Indian market will be a good destination for FIIs in years to come. spacious investment is expected in the approach path years. Gradually the rupee will gain its v alue. Investors need not worry about the rupee depreciation. Since March 2010, Reserve Bank of India RBI hiked the interest rates 13 times and thus agree on growth. RBIs interest rates hikes seemed bootless since the inflation was due to supply dropping short rather than the demand rising.Both inflation and RBIs action trim the color of the vibrant economy once India displayed in 2007-2008. According to intelligence reports by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, sectors of India Exports are as follows- Sector of Import trade in Total Imports Petroleum 77 Heavy Engineering Goods 22 Pharmaceuticals 19 The sectors of Import gain if the rupee appreciates. They would have to pay less for the imported stark materials, which would increase their profit margins. Likewise, depreciation in rupee value makes exports cheaper and imports expensive.Exports from India are of handicrafts, gems, jewelry, textiles, prefab garments, industrial machinery, leather products, chemicals and related products. Since the 1990s, India is the worlds largest processor of diamonds. The mentioned export items make for substantially to foreign receipts. During the periods when the dollar was woful high against the rupee, exporters stood to gain, when $1 = Rs. 48, was getting them Rs. 4800 for either $100. Since the beginning of the year 2007, rupee apprehended by about 10%.With its value of rupee Rs. 39. 35 = $1 as on 16 Nov 2007, for both $100, exporters would get only Rs. 3935. This difference is towing away the profit margins of exporters and BPO service providers alike. Imports to India are of petroleum products, capital goods, chemicals, dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals, iron and steel, uncut precious stones, fertilizers, anatomy paper etc. With the same scenario as given for export, if we analyze an importer is paying Rs. 3935 now instead of Rs. 4800 paid during yester years for every $100.This gain on FX is likely to produce savings in cost, which co uld be passed on to consumers, thereby contributing to control inflation Exhibit showing the quarterly determine of Foreign Investment Flows in India originPublic Debt Management Quarterly storey (July-September 2011), Ministry of Finance, November 2011 CONCLUSION- Conclusively, appreciation and depreciation of rupee cannot certainly be taken as beneficial to the Indian economy in general. On one hand, the rupee appreciation will require exporters, BPOs, etc. , on the other, rupee depreciation will affect importers.So now, it depends on what the future has to reveal for, how efficaciously the central bank can parallelism the FX rates with little impact to the relative areas of FX usage. Though RBI is trying its take aim best in controlling inflation, due to the inherent supply-driven nature of the inflation, monetary controls remain as futile attempts. Systemic inefficiencies, like improper supply chains, must be immediately addressed by the Government to stall inflation. RBI has already through with(p) the damage by ruthlessly increasing the base rates and thus compromising the growth and discouraging investments.In order to control currency depreciation, any central bank is expected to hike the interest rates. Since the habitual interest rates have already reached a high, RBI is helpless in managing the exchange rates through interest rate hike. Another option left-hand(a) with RBI is to use its foreign exchange reserves to sell dollars in the currency market to improve the value of INR. Though RBIs argument of non-intervention is confirm (Gokarn, 2011), it must strike the right balance between intervention and controlled-intervention.Generally, foreign exchange reserves deplete because of daily trading operations of central banks in the wake of domestic currency depreciation. Considering all the above factors, is the way ahead gloomy for the Indian rupee? Well, nothing can be told so surely in this uncertain environment. The market sentiments tr uly drove the INR to the edge. The INR may crystallize itself and settle in a deject value than that is prevailing currently as the market sentiments fade out. On the other hand, tight monetary control by the RBI, which led to high interest rates, widened the interest rate differential thus inviting inflows.Overselling of rupee than that is necessary might have caused the slither in the value of INR. If the rupee starts rebounding, it would unquestionably start yielding high results due to the low base effect. Therefore, if the rupee is actually oversold, investors who are confident about the resilient Indian economy might put their money on the rupee since no other asset would give such high returns in this current scenario. However, there are conditions attached to the argument rupee must bounce binding and foreign inflows must find their way back into the Indian economy.

Regulatory Behavior Essay

The kind be is regulated by the sickish establishment and its habits. downstairs normal circumstances e verything runs smoothly with no issues however, awe fire ache an impact on how the vile dodge works. One aspect that can be examined in relation to the neural system and the ways that fear requires it is through carcass temperature regulation. When fear is wassail it bring on the production of specific hormones that set out certain responses within the torso leading to the escape valve or fight situation. As with any function of the consistence there ar impairment that are always possible as well. Knowing in advance what slips of things can impair ones thermoregulation exhibit gives people a step up against having issues later in life.The nervous system consists of twain berths, the central nervous system ( central nervous system) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) (National Institute of health NIH, 2013). Each part plays a role in our natural functi ons. The CNS is make up of the hotshot and the spinal anaesthesia cord, the PNS is made up of the all the branch- same fibers that come off the spinal cord and reach all over the bole- arms, legs, face, neck, and so on Without the nervous system there would be no way to get information from the brain to the abatement of the carcass all the pass alongs that our brain sends out must(prenominal) be sent though the nervous system through neuron communication. Neurons communicate with each former(a) using axons and dendrites. When a neuron receives a message from an another(prenominal) neuron, it sends an electrical signal down the duration of its axon. At the end of the axon, the electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal, and the axon releases chemical messages called neurotransmitters (NIH, 3). This process is how the brain specializes the consistency to walk or wink or even embody temperature regulation it is a very important process that regulates all corpora l functions.Body temperature regulation is the process by which our body maintains a steady internal temperature. This process is cognise as thermoregulation and is mostly controlled by the hypothalamus section in the brain (Vella & Kravitz, n.d.). When properly regulating the human bodys normal core temperature at remainder varies between 97.7 to 99.5 Fahrenheit (Vella & Kravitz, 2) however, a factor worry fear can take a leak fluctuations from the core body temperature. According to the Juvenile Bipolar Research asylum, children who have gritty levels of fear have a harder clock time than children with regular amounts of fear when it comes to falling and staying asleep. The disturbance in a regular sleep cycle has been shown to affect how the thermoregulation process functions fear can cause the body to overheat and not allow the body to calm down when needed (Juvenile Bipolar Research invertebrate foot JBRF, n.d.).As with any function in the body fear produces a hormonal response. When a mortal experiences fear the hormones glucocorticoids, produced in the suprarenal gland cortex, and catecholamines, produced in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves, are released into the body and cause the individual toeither take the flight or fight stance (Rodrigues, Ledoux, & Sapolsky, 2009). Both of the fear generate hormones impact the nervous system in legion(predicate) ways. For example, glucocorticoids play a large role in the functioning of the CNS. It can lead to anatomical brain changes that result in a higher likelihood of sleep disturbances, psychiatric diseases, mood alterations, and cognitive impairments (lacroix, 2014).The bodys major power to thermoregulate its temperature can become impaired. This showcase of impairment is sometimes caused when a psyche goes under(a) anesthetics. According to Daniel I. Sessler, M.D., Professor and Chair, Anethetic-induced impairment of normal thermoregulatory control, and the resulting core-to-periph eral redistribution of body heat, is the primary cause of hypothermia in most patients (Sessler, 2009, 2). In other words, if the body is un commensurate to control its thermoregulation it can start going into a hypothermic state which would lead to other risk factors and issues. During operating theater a patients temperature is normally watched closely to make for sure this is not an issue.On the other end of the spectrum, if a person suffers from dysautonomia they can experience excessively high body temperatures and have difficulty bringing their temperature fanny down to a normal resting temperature. If this does happen the person may experience irritability, disorientation and confusion this type of disorder leaves the symptoms being able to be tough but not the cause. Some suggestions for ways to friend lower the internal body temperature are alcoholism lots of fluids and water, but avoiding caffeine and alcohol, placing cool compresses crossways the neck and if neces sary seeking professional patron from a doctor or hospital if needed.Although the human body is a very complex and noble organism it is not invincible to ailments. The nervous system keeps our bodies running and communicating so that we are able to act on and do every bodily function possible. Looking at the thermoregulation abilities that the body posses is very feignive and intricate, but it does have ways that things like fear are able to intrude. This intrusion can change the way our body responds to thermoregulation by emitting hormones that tell the body it may need to prepare for a flight or fight situation. Thermoregulation also has theability to fall prey to impairment that can be very debilitating to the individual impairments can swan from unable to bring the body temperature down to a normal range or up to a normal range. In closing, thermoregulation may be an instinctive regulatory behavior, but it is still possible to impress changes upon it by either ailment or o ther outside factors.ReferencesJuvenile Bipolar Research Foundation (n.d.). _Sleep, activity patterns and temperature study_. Retrieved July 14, 2014, from http//www.jbrf.org/category/description-of-the-condition/Lacroix, A. (2014). _Glucocorticoid effects on the nervous system and behavior_. Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http//www.uptodate.com/contents/glucocorticoid-effects-on-the-nervous-system-and-behaviorNational Institute of Health (2013). _What are the parts of the nervous system_?. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http//www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo/Pages/parts.aspxRodrigues, S. M., Ledoux, J. E., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2009). _The influences of emphasis hormones on fear circuitry_ . Retrieved July 14, 2014, from http//my.psychologytoday.com/files/attachments/37382/rodrigues-ledoux-sapolsky-arn-2009.pdfSessler, D. I. (2009). _Temperature monitoring and perioperative thermoregulation_. Retrieved , from July 14, 2014Synapse (n.d.). _Get the facts- temperature c ontrol and dysautonomia_. Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http//synapse.org.au/get-the-facts/temperature-control-and-dysautonomia-fact-sheet.aspx